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Surabaya () (formerly Dutch: Soerabaja, Javanese: Suroboyo) is the capital of Jawa Timur (East Java) and the second-largest-city in Indonesia with a population over 2.9 million, located on northeastern Java island and along the edge of the Madura Strait. The city is known as ''Kota Pahlawan'' "city of heroes" due to the importance of the Battle of Surabaya in galvanizing Indonesian and international support for Indonesian independence during the Indonesian National Revolution. Surabaya was once the largest city in Dutch East Indies and virtually the center of trading in the nation, exceeding those of Batavia, competing with the likes of Singapore and Hong Kong.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Surabaya City Of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900-2000 (Ohio RIS Southeast Asia Series): Howard Dick: 9780896802216: Amazon.com: Books )〕 == Etymology == Surabaya (''Suroboyo'') is locally believed to derive its name from the words "''suro"'' (shark) and "''boyo"'' (crocodile), two creatures which, in a local myth, fought each other in order to gain the title of "the strongest and most powerful animal" in the area. It was said that the two powerful animals agreed for a truce and set boundaries; that the shark's domain would be in the sea while the crocodile's domain would be on the land. However one day the shark swam into the river estuary to hunt, this angered the crocodile that went territorial. Shark argued that the river was a water-realm which means it was shark territory, while the crocodile argued that the river flowed deep inland, so it belonged to the crocodile. The fight resumed ferociously as the two animals bit each other. Finally the shark was badly bitten and fled to the open sea, so the crocodile finally ruled the estuarine area that today is the city. Another source suggests to a Jayabaya prophecy — a 12th-century psychic king of Kediri Kingdom — as he foresaw a fight between a giant white shark and a giant white crocodile took place in the area, which is sometimes interpreted as a conflict between Mongol forces and Raden Wijaya's Majapahit forces in 1293.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Surabaya Tourism, EastJava.com )〕 Now the two animals are used as the city's symbol, the two facing each other while circling, as depicted in a statue appropriately located near the entrance to the city zoo. Alternate derivations proliferate: from the Javanese "''sura ing baya"'', meaning "bravely facing danger";〔 or from the use of "''surya"'' to refer to the sun. Some people consider this Jayabaya's prophecy as a great war between native Surabayan people against the foreign invaders back in 1945. Another story tells about two heroes that fought each other in order to be the king of the city. The two heroes were named Sura and Baya. These folk etymologies, though embraced enthusiastically by its people and city leaders, are unverifiable. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Surabaya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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